phonological processes age of elimination chart

It is not only hard for the child, but also for the parent/caretaker. Many times, these behaviors are due to feeling misunderstood by others and feeling unable to effectively communicate wants/needs. They may also display “aggressive” behaviors such as biting, hitting, pulling, and shoving. Children with phonological disorders may have tantrums displaying crying, screaming, sighing loudly, stomping, or throwing objects. It can be difficult to process if your child is unintelligible to others, as it may cause frustration for your child. Assessment and treatment of articulation and phonological disorders So what happens if a child displays phonological processes past the typical age of suppression? Or if a child is using an excessive amount of phonological processes, making it extremely difficult to understand him/her? These observations may be indicative of a phonological disorder. If you have a child and you are finding others are having a difficult time understanding him/her, it is useful to know how intelligible, or understandable, your child should be based on his/her age. Taken from: Developmental Speech and Language Norms for Spanish and English – Bilinguistics 2015” “Fabiano and Goldstein, 2010 Goldstein and Iglesias, 2006 Shriberg, 1995 When a liquid such as “r”, is replaced with a glide, such as “w” With /s/ - 5 0 yearswithout /s/ - 4 0 years When a consonant cluster, like “cl”, is simplified into a single consonant When an affricate, like “ch”, is replaced with a fricative like “s” When the weak syllable in a word is omitted When a velar (sound made in back of mouth), like “k”, is replaced with an alveolar (sound made in the front of the mouth), like “t” f, s/ - 3 0 years/z, v/ - 4 0 yearssh, ch, j, th - 5 0 years When a fricative like “f” is substitutedwith a stop consonant like “p” When a non-nasal sounds like “y” changes to a nasal sound like “m”, due to the presence of a nasal sound within a word When a non-velar sound like “t”, changes to velar sound (sound made in back of the mouth), like “k”, due to the presence of a velar sound within the word When the final consonant in the word is omitted Table 2 – Most Common Phonological Processes Common Phonological ProcessĪge of Elimination for Monolingual English Speakers (ASHA, Shriberg)Īge of Elimination for Bilingual English-Spanish Speakers (Goldstein+) Below please find Table 2 for more information on the most common phonological processes with the approximate ages at which children suppress them, both for monolingual English speakers and for bilingual English-Spanish speakers. There are a variety of phonological processes that fall within each of these three categories, and the majority of children will suppress each distinct phonological process around the same age-range.

The resemblance of syllables/sounds to surrounding sounds (e.g., “Sippy Cup” → “Pippy Pup”) The reduction, omission, or repetition of syllables in a word(e.g., “Star” → “Tar”) The replacement of one class of sounds, with another class of sounds (e.g., “Get” → “Det”) Table 1 provides a description of these three different types: Phonological processes have been classified into three different types of categories: substitution processes, syllable structure processes, and assimilation processes.

In fact, it is arguably more surprising to see a 2-year old with “perfect” adult speech, than it would be a 2-year old with sound errors. These patterns are completely natural and expected. Childrens’ brains learn these patterns of speech sound errors, which are called phonological processes.

As children develop speech-language skills, they simplify words until they have learned to articulate all sounds in words appropriately. Why does this happen? While learning to coordinate the tongue, lips, jaw, teeth, and palate to make speech sounds, all children will display speech sound errors. Have you ever heard your child say words like “wain” for “rain”, or “pane” for “plane”? For some, it can be extremely cute to hear a child speak in this manner, and while it’s a natural characteristic of speech development, it’s definitely something worth learning more about.

Phonological processes age of elimination chart